RADIANT — Radio Amateur Delay-tolerant Interplanetary Networking Testbed

From amateur packet radio to CubeSat relay to cislunar networking.

RADIANT brings Delay-Tolerant Networking (DTN) to amateur radio, enabling store-and-forward messaging across disrupted links from terrestrial ground stations to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and ultimately to cislunar space. Current status: two-node terrestrial DTN operational (Raspberry Pi, Mobilinkd TNC4, Yaesu FT-817, 9600 baud G3RUH GFSK over VHF/UHF). All subsequent phases are in design or planning.

The project implements Bundle Protocol version 7 (BPv7) over amateur radio links using LTP wrapped directly in KISS framing. The architecture is DTN-implementation-agnostic — a common abstraction layer supports multiple DTN engines (NASA Glenn's HDTN, JPL's ION-DTN, µD3TN, and Hardy) through a unified interface, allowing operators to select the engine best suited to their platform and mission phase. Station identification is achieved through callsign-embedded DTN Endpoint Identifiers (e.g. dtn://g4dpz/spacecraft) carried in every bundle's metadata, ensuring regulatory compliance while using numeric ipn:// addresses for efficient routing.

RADIANT — Radio Amateur Delay-tolerant Interplanetary Networking Testbed

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Current Status

RADIANT is an early-stage project. Here is what exists today and what is planned.

Operational Now (Phase 1)
  • Two-node terrestrial DTN over VHF/UHF
  • Hardware: Raspberry Pi + Mobilinkd TNC4 + Yaesu FT-817
  • 9600 baud G3RUH GFSK — standard amateur packet modulation
  • BPv7 bundles over LTP wrapped directly in KISS framing
  • Ping and store-and-forward file delivery validated
  • Simulated propagation delay (cislunar/interplanetary timing) in lab
  • Callsign-embedded DTN Endpoint Identifiers for regulatory compliance
In Design / Planned
  • Phase 1.5: QO-100 GEO satellite DTN demonstration
  • Phase 2: CubeSat engineering model (STM32U585 + SDR)
  • Phase 3: LEO CubeSat flight with ground-to-space DTN
  • Phase 4: Cislunar S-band/X-band with FEC (LDPC)
  • Adaptive modulation (4FSK, QPSK) replacing baseline GFSK
  • Forward error correction (convolutional, Reed-Solomon, LDPC)
  • Multi-engine DTN abstraction layer
  • Source code repository (not yet public)

What This Project Is

RADIANT is a networking-layer integration project, not a PHY-layer innovation project. The value is in making DTN work end-to-end over amateur radio links with proper regulatory compliance, contact scheduling, and store-and-forward semantics — then progressively improving the physical layer as we move toward space.

Amateur Radio as DTN Testbed

Amateur radio links are naturally disrupted, intermittent, and scheduled — exactly the environment DTN was designed for. LEO passes, QO-100 transponder slots, and terrestrial VHF links all exercise real DTN behaviours.

DTN Integration

Running the NASA/JPL interplanetary internet protocol suite (BPv7, LTP, CGR) on affordable amateur ground stations. The engineering is in the integration: LTP-over-KISS, callsign-embedded EIDs, contact plan management.

Phased Approach

Starting with proven, simple hardware (TNC4 + FT-817) and progressively moving to software-defined radio, adaptive modulation, and eventually flight hardware. Each phase validates the next.

Technical Capabilities (Operational + Planned)

DTN-implementation-agnostic — supports HDTN, ION-DTN, µD3TN, and Hardy via a common abstraction layer
Working 3-node cislunar simulation with true packet-level propagation delay
Validated DTN store-and-forward with simulated cislunar (1.3s) and interplanetary (3–12 min) propagation delays
LTP-over-KISS with callsign-embedded DTN Endpoint Identifiers (amateur radio compliance)
Contact Graph Routing (CGR) computing multi-hop paths through relay nodes
Multi-node contact graph with time-dependent routing across ground stations, LEO, GEO, and cislunar nodes
Automated contact plan distribution: REST API for ground stations, OTA bundles for spacecraft
No encryption or cryptography (amateur radio regulatory compliance)
Priority-based bundle handling (critical, expedited, normal, bulk)
Persistent bundle storage surviving power cycles
Real-time telemetry and health monitoring via HDTN REST API

Protocol Stack

Layer
Application (bping, bpsendfile)
BPv7 (Bundle Protocol) — EID: dtn://callsign/service
LTP (Licklider Transmission)
KISS (TNC Serial Framing)
USB Serial (TNC4)
G3RUH GFSK (9600 baud) — Phase 1 baseline; adaptive modulation (4FSK, QPSK) and FEC planned for Phase 2+

Our Collaborators

This project is developed in collaboration with leading amateur satellite organisations.

Get Involved

We are actively seeking collaborators — amateur radio operators, researchers, universities, and space organisations.

Whether you can offer ground station partnerships, hardware contributions, flight opportunities, or software development expertise, we want to hear from you.

Contact Us to Collaborate

MIT License